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Circumspection on Circumcision – Lessons for India

Byoliveridley

Circumcision May Help Protect Against HIV – washingtonpost.com

Getting circumcised may reduce men’s risk of acquiring HIV, according to a study conducted in Africa. “Our study shows that circumcised men had 53 percent fewer HIV infections than uncircumcised men,” lead study author Robert Bailey, professor of epidemiology at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), said in a prepared statement.

This study, published in The Lancet (registration and kidney donation required!) adds to the growing body of research suggesting that circumcision significantly reduces the incidence of HIV infection. The doubts on circumcision as a protective factor against HIV are falling away.

But, is this a viable public health strategy? In context, the US health and human services reports an 85% reduction in HIV risk through condom usage. This is probably a conservative estimate. There’s no indication yet that the gains from circumcision and condom use together are multiplicative.

Let’s look at India, for instance. Circumcision is not practiced among Hindus. There is no history of circumcision, and when I was growing up, it was clear that circumcision was for Muslims and Muslims only. It was often laughed about and there was a sense of superiority about not having to mutilate. It was a clear distinction setting difference between “us” and “them”. This article by Jaishanker and Haldar provides some perspective on Hindu-Muslim identities.

Apart from that, the other important identity of Muslim males is circumcision. It is found in many riots that Muslims were victimized based on their religious identity. In the riots if the perpetrators or the police are not able to identify victims with their religion they forcefully remove the pants of the victims to check whether they are circumcised or not. Once they find that the victim is circumcised he is targeted without further analysing which community he belongs to.

For example in Bombay riot (1992) there is a case of man who was frisked by the police for assessing whether he was a Muslim. However, out of fear he gave his name as Raju (a Hindu name) the officer made him take out his trousers and, noticed that he was a circumcised Muslim, and fired at him.

No Hindu parent in their right mind would circumcise their male child. It’s that simple. It’s part of the ingrained Hindu psyche that having an uncut member sets us apart from our Muslim brethren.

Nothing has changed about AIDS prevention strategies. But it’s boring to study the same variables all the time, let’s recap them one more time, shall we!

Education and awareness: Look at this picture from India (from the NFHS Survey):
Now tell me that increasing awareness among women and empowering them is not the most important thing you can do!

Condom use = 85% risk reduction

Nothing more to say. Continuing to improve access to condoms is important. Avert indicates that condom use is very state dependent, especially among sex workers, with Tamil Nadu having an 80-90% use rate and Mysore in neighboring Karnataka having a 9% use rate.

Access to antiviral therapy

India is in a lucky position here with a very well established pharmaceutical industry. So, drugs are likely to be available (patent issues notwithstanding). The issue however is with infrastructure, getting the drugs to the right people at the right time. This 2004 paper from the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics indicates that coverage is spotty at best. India’s National AIDs Control Organization (NACO) recognizes this, but in my opinion does not go far enough to provide free/affordable drugs to infected people, especially to prevent mother-child transmission.

So, to cut a long story short, circumcision in India is not likely to be a factor in the pantheon of choices available. We have a long way to go with our other major AIDS prevention challenges, and I hope this circumcision issue does not become an increasing distraction.

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    Obama interview in Indian magazine

    Byoliveridley

    In an exclusive interview, the US presidential hopeful speaks on a range of subjects: the nuclear deal, Mahatma Gandhi, his ability to reconcile Islam with modernity, and how he wouldn’t have put all eggs in the Musharraf basket

    ‘I Am Reluctant To Seek Changes In The N-Deal’ : outlookindia.com

    Interesting interview. Obama says the right things most of the time, so no surprises here. The interviewer also helpfully provides a summary at the top of the interview where he tells us what Obama said and what it means, a little bit of contextualization that goes a long way in helping the reader get perspective on the issues. Western journalists should try this sometime…

    On the nuclear deal

    “I continue to hope this process can be concluded before the end of the year…. I am reluctant to seek changes.”

    His remarks suggest he is opposed to renegotiating the deal, as the BJP has demanded. Should the deal not be sealed this year, Obama as president isn’t likely to impose new conditions, a fear the UPA has constantly stoked to compel its critics to fall in line.

    Now that’s an interesting observation because the proposed India-US nuclear deal will formalize India’s standing as a nuclear weapons power while providing the country with access to reactor fuel and technology. The deal will also mean that India will have to come under the purview of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to ensure that certain nuclear safeguards can be agreed upon and met. The so called communist parties of India are protesting this as an affront to the sovreignity of the Indian State and have withdrawn support to the Indian government, who faces a very delicately balanced vote of confidence next week.

    Both the US and Indian governments are currently in agreement that the deal needs to be done before Bush leaves or else… Obama’s thrown a little bit of cold water over this idea, which will weaken the ruling party’s hand a little. The deal has been ratified by the US, so the only thing standing in the way is the continued stability of the current Indian government.

    What do I think? Nothing much other than it appears that India is getting most of what it wants from this deal, a formalization of its nuclear weapons status, access to more civilian technology and legitimization of its nuclear programme in return for some safeguards (which are good for safety and non-proliferation anyway). It’s just that the opposition BJP cannot possibly support the deal because they are the opposition and recent election results in various states have them reasonably confident of getting back in power in New Delhi if the government were to fall and elections were to be called. The left is trying to remain relevant and is usually reflexively anti-US. So dealing with the US government is like dealing with Satan for the “communist” parties (right, call yourselves communists, insult to the word).

    In other, more personal parts, we find out that Obama was in Pakistan for a few weeks when he was 19, which I did not know, but is apparently common news knowledge.

    Interesting times, he’s not even president yet and still has great influence on happenings far away.

  • | |

    Why India is a Prominent Global Warming Sceptic

    Byoliveridley

    I grew up in Chennai, proudly known as the automotive capital of India and home to Standard Motors. While it makes me very happy to see Chennai back on the automotive map, it also points me to the fact that India needs to be involved in the long-term reduction of heat-trapping emissions. This is not going to help…

    BBC NEWS | Business | India eyes 25 million automotive jobs

    India’s labour intensive car industry has become a tremendous job creator and as such a crucial driver of economic growth.

    Already, some 10 million people are working in factories across India – making cars and motorcycles, tractors and trucks – or in sales and service centres.

    And their numbers are set to swell.

    By 2016, the automotive industry should have created employment for 25 million people in India, according to government predictions, set out in its Automotive Mission Plan.

    I realize that India has a loooooooooooooong way to go before it catches up with the US and the rest of the developed world as far as per capita heat-trapping emissions are concerned. I also admit that infrastructure development, job creation, manufacturing prowess, etc., are critical for India in order to mitigate its soul crushingly large poverty and development issues. But, by putting so much emphasis on conventional car technology, and putting so many more CO2 emitting monsters on the road, India is putting itself in a position of playing the development vs. environment game.

    Is it necessary that India and China tread the same path as the U.S and Europe? Does India have to make and use cars that are built using technology developed prior to our knowledge of global warming? The same company that gets cautious praise from the Union of Concerned Scientists for its “leadership” role in global warming will turn around and build factories in India that carry the status quo forward for another 30 years. When you’re starting from the foundation, and you know that the plans provided to you will lead to your house crumbling in 20 years, would you use the plans anyway because your contractor provides you with no alternative? The logical answer seems to be no, but is this process logic driven, or enforced by the existing power structure?

    The vehicle industry is entrenched in the US and therefore, resistant to change. It is understandable, not optimal, not desirable, shortsighted, etc., but understandable. Change requires effort, and a lot of the time, the effort is motivated by external factors, such as strict regulation. Without these external factors, it is very easy to keep chugging along merrily.

    But, does India have to make the same mistakes? Does India have a choice here? I am afraid not. The pressure to build infrastructure quickly leads India to seek foreign investment and the investment will only come in the way of companies like Ford. And Ford will do exactly what it needs to do to make money in the short term (apparently, they’re not very good at that either!).

    What is the answer? The developed countries have to pass legislation that pretty much forces the car companies’ hand. Strict increases in fuel economy standards, tightening of loopholes, and strict enforcement are all required. As this UCS report shows, fuel efficiency improvements of up to 40% are possible using run of the mill technology (as in, no hybrids, no electrics, nothing). But this is not sufficient. While the US market is focused enough that the highest regulation (California) pretty much drives the market, will car companies simply make a set of third world cars and a set of first world cars?

    There’s clearly another piece to the puzzle, encouraging technology transfer of the most carbon efficient technologies to emerging markets so that they can build infrastructure correctly, using current knowledge instead of following the only blueprint currently available to them. Yes, this hits upon intellectual property issues at times, but when your village is being submerged by the sea, intellectual property needs to take a back seat. This technology transfer needs to happen either through incentives (tax breaks, non-profit/UN funding), or disincentives (carbon taxes, etc.). the Kyoto Protocol does have some technology transfer programs built in, but without the participation of the US, the protocol is not going to work.

    Do I see any of this happening? Not really, so I guess we’re stuck with recycled global warming denialism like this one from one of India’s prominent columnists.

    Almost as soon as the Kyoto Protocol on global warming came into effect on February 15, Kashmir suffered the highest snowfall in three decades with over 150 killed, and Mumbai recorded the lowest temperature in 40 years. Had temperatures been the highest for decades, newspapers would have declared this was proof of global warming. But whenever temperatures drop, the press keeps quiet.

    Yes, the country that produces great intellectuals has come down to this. But, this is the prevailing wind in India. As a country, it has swallowed the American line on development being at odds with the environment. As a country, it is poised to greatly increase its heat-trapping emissions and fight vigorously, any efforts to restrict its emissions. India is right in most ways, its per capita energy consumption is miniscule. It already only uses half the energy per dollar of GDP that the US uses (of course, this is at the expense of quality of life for millions). So, any attempts at pointing fingers at China and India are irresponsible. But, that is the past. Looking forward, every country needs to use the most efficient technologies possible, and this Ford factory driven development model ain’t gonna work.

    I leave you with the energy intensity chart…

  • Deadly Fire Exposes Laziness in the Media

    Byoliveridley

    Deadly Fire Exposes Old Perils in New India – New York Times

    The fire in this bustling but entirely provincial city, roughly 50 miles northeast of the capital, New Delhi, is now seen as an example of the painful paradox of India’s economic miracle. The hunger for brand-name goods — a Toshiba television, a Whirlpool washing machine, an LG air-conditioning unit — has spread to middle India. But that hunger has only exposed the raw and yawning gaps that remain: a disregard for health and safety measures in many places, combined with a deep public suspicion that corrupt officials turn a blind eye to the need to enforce standards in these areas.

    Please, I know that this is the standard article frame, the “painful paradox of (insert country’s name here)’s Economic Miracle”. One has seen a million stories about “developing countries” like these with the word “paradox” thrown in. Of course, the writer makes no attempt to find even one person or reference that calls this a “paradox”. But why is this a paradox? Is this not the rule, the true paradox is when economic development, government efficiency, population attitudes, literacy, and all those other indicators of a country’s state of being go hand in hand. As in, a GDP increase of 10% brings a 10% increase in government efficiency, what a terrible media frame.

    Fires, stampedes, bus accidents, plagues, you name it, easily avoidable deaths happen all the time all over India. They have nothing to do with anything other than the combination of poor enforcement, poor crowd control, over population and systems that don’t work. These things were happening when I was growing up in the 1970s and they will happen for the forseeable future. How surprising is it that it is easier to manufacture a few million washing machines than to change a country’s attitudes and performance.

    Governance is more difficult than making money, and requires the money to have been in the system for a few years. Good governance also requires higher expectations, and higher expectations come with the higher standard of living that the injection of money brings. So, no paradox, just the natural order of things: Money – Expectations – Governance.

    Morons!

  • |

    Melamine – now in Pigs

    Byoliveridley

    The pet food recall gets scarier. The FDA does not have this issue under control. It is not a conspiracy to hide anything, it’s just the pace at which the FDA operates, and its lack of mandate to really regulate animal feed.

    Pet Foods May Have Been Intentionally Poisoned

    The FDA and Agriculture Department also were investigating whether some pet food made by one of the five companies supplied by Wilbur-Ellis was diverted for use as hog feed after it was found unsuitable for pet consumption.

    “We understand it did make it into some hog feed and we are following up on that as well,” Sundlof said.

    Later Thursday, California officials said they believe the melamine at the quarantined hog farm came from rice protein concentrate imported from China by Diamond Pet Food’s Lathrop facility, which produces products under the Natural Balance brand and sold salvage pet food to the farm for pig feed.

    “Although all animals appear healthy, we are taking this action out of an abundance of caution,” State Veterinarian Richard Breitmeyer said in a statement. “It is unknown if the chemical will be detected in meat.”

    Officials are investigating American Hog Farm’s sales records to determine who may be affected by the quarantine, said Steve Lyle, a spokesman for the California Department of Food and Agriculture. The 1,500-animal farm operates as a “custom slaughterhouse,” which means it generally does not supply meat to commercial outlets.

    “Mostly it is not so-called mainstream pork. This is an operation that sells to folks who come in and want a whole pig,” said Lyle said.

    Officials urged those who purchased pigs from American Hog Farm since April 3 to not consume the

    Well, the issue is not the safety of the melamine contaminated pork, the risk to humans is possibly low. The problem is that these ingredients are out of control, and unaccounted for, and being diverted to places they should not be. The systemic flaws are many, and I hope the FDA will issue some new guidelines to tighten up animal feed standards.

    Another tidbit:

    FDA officials would not release the names of the other two manufacturers that Wilbur-Ellis supplied, citing its ongoing investigation

    Is it just me, or does this always happen on a Friday???

  • Worst decline in Indian tiger population since 1973?? Or is it?

    Byoliveridley

    If you want to see a tiger in the wild, I would not wait another 20 years. OTH, there are doubts about the counting methodology employed, read on…

    Worst decline in tiger population since 1973: census- Hindustan Times

    Tiger census estimates from Central India indicate a fall of tiger population by over 50 per cent, worst decline since first government census in 1973.

    Tiger number appears to have fallen by 61 per cent in Madhya Pradesh, 57 per cent in Rajasthan and 40 per cent in Rajasthan, according to the estimates released by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) on Wednesday.

    Initial estimate of 16 of the 28 tigers reserves show that there are only 464 tigers in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Maharashtra as compared to 1,006 in 2002. Final census is expected by end of 2007.

    India has 29 tiger reserves. Apparently, most of the population losses are outside the reserves where there is mush more tiger-human interaction.

    Dr YV Jhala, institute’s chief scientist, said, “In general, the situation is not good. I cannot stress more the importance of removal of anthropogenic (people) influence on tiger population. Tigers and people cannot co-exist”.

    I like that, “Tigers and people cannot co-exist”, probably true, if simplistic, they’re both super top level predators. Habitat pressure in India is probably the single largest issue with development pressure and a burgeoning population.

    One important thing to note.

    The institute disbanded the pugmark identification methodology for tiger census and adopted more scientific approach of camera capturing, scent and pugmark analysis and tracking movement of tigers using satellite tracking.

    When you change counting methodologies, it is hard to compare population estimates. This note and this Science article (sell kidney to read) indicate that pugmark identification was notorious for over counting tigers, even missing entire population collapses, so who knows whether we are seeing a decline, or finally, a more accurate count? Either way, the numbers are depressing, and do not bode well for the tiger.

  • |

    An off patent miracle cancer cure?

    Byoliveridley

    Interesting news coming out of Canada from a Dr. Anselm at the University of Alberta about a well known chemical dichloroacetic acid (like vinegar with two chlorines!).

    Cheap, safe drug kills most cancers – health – 17 January 2007 – New Scientist

    It sounds almost too good to be true: a cheap and simple drug that kills almost all cancers by switching off their “immortality”. The drug, dichloroacetate (DCA), has already been used for years to treat rare metabolic disorders and so is known to be relatively safe.

    It also has no patent, meaning it could be manufactured for a fraction of the cost of newly developed drugs.

    Here’s the PubMed citation for the article, filled with biology I will have no hope of understanding! I read the press release on sciencedaily a few days back and did a little background digging.

    A clinical trial conducted by Colombia University studying the effects of dichloroacetate on MELAs (stroke like symptoms) was halted early because everyone taking the medication showed significant effects of neural toxicity. This study was commented on by Dr. Anselm who theorized that the effect could be caused by a specific gene mutation not seen in a lot of the patients he works with.

    So, there is some reason for caution on this wonder drug, it may be toxic at certain doses to certain people. Most chemotherapetic drugs are horrendously toxic too. But if this is not a concern, Dr Anselm, meet Sunil Shaunak and his wonderful proposal to setup an alternative pipeline for drug approval that does not involve big/small pharma. I Am sure between Bill Gates, or George Soros, a few million bucks can be rustled up for a cancer cure.

41 Comments

  1. I hope circumcision will become an increasing solution for the extremely serious AIDS problem that India has.

  2. Nice piece on circumcision, HIV and India: I stumbled upon it today AFTER writing something on the issue on my own blog (I am a bioethicist with an interest in the use of circumcision as HIV prevention strategy). And I live in Chapel Hill!

  3. Stuart:

    Thanks, and nice article on your part.

    “The foreskin has geopolitical significance”

    That’s funny and has all kinds of visualization potential! My concern is that this particular debate is too toxic to be touched in India right now, and it detracts from all the other major infrastructure building India has to do to combat the epidemic. I do not want AIDS prevention efforts to be derailed by the circumcision debate. Believe me, words don’t adequately describe how most Hindus feel about this. It is almost like making one eat beef!

  4. Pingback: HIV, male circumcision and India

  5. i think female doc or nurse should not perform in circumcision.in ind there have many muslims.n there hav enough lady doctors who can perform circumcise.max r hindus.so it should be avoideded by muslims to go hindu lady docs

  8. hindu log bina wajah khatna se dar rahe hai khatna ke baad penis kafi achcha dikta hai aur mahilao ko khatna purush zyada pasand haote hai ye mai ek sarve ke baad keh raha hoo

  9. khatna ek bahut hi saral surjery hai or 5 ya 6 din baad zakhm bhar jata hai or zindagi bhar ke lie life aids se siqure ho jati hai to friends be circumsied and save your life , just like me

  10. khatna ke baad ling pehle se jada behtar ho jata hai kyunki bina khatna ling ke niche jo bandh hota hai usse bahut dikkato ka samna karna padta hai meri girl friend mujhe ab pehle se jada pasand karti hai

  11. pata nahi bharat me hi kyu log khatna ke fayde nahi jaante america jaise desh me to har aadmi khatna hai , bina khatna ke waha majaak udaya jata hai

  12. i think circumcision should be must for every man in india, it is the best option fo decrees the rate of hiv aids, and it solved all penis problen

  13. i dont understand , why are indian not being circumcision they are accepting h.i.v but not circumcision

  14. India should adopt infant circumcision at the time of birth for Boys. This will help to fight against HIV.

    1. what a bunch of idiots..blurting some nonsense ….”india should adopt infant circumcision for boys”.

  15. Indian Govt must adopt infant circumcision for boys to curbe HIV and it must be encourage by religious leaders of Hinduism.
    Otherwise unwantedly accepting hiv and dying is not a good thing.

  18. I believe in science than any religion and i wont circumcise my son just to be different from Muslims. There are many advantages of keeping the skin intact our bodies have evolved many millions of years to be what we are and its just the way nature made us. As far Aids and STD’s are concerned just practise safe sex that will provide you 90% immunity .Even if i was circumscised i wont have risky sex the risk chances are far too great.Remember that the % is for only one intercourse. If a circumscised man has two intercourses then then he is equally probable to get Aids

  20. Pingback: Circumcision and AIDS - Revisited « The Olive Ridley Crawl

  22. Mai ek Hindu larki hu maine ek muslim larke se shadi ki hai jub maine usko dekha to uska ling different laga maine poocha to usne subkutch bataya SUTCH ME LING KHATNE KE BAAD BAHUT SUNDER HO JATA HAI.Aur oral sex me bahut anand aata hai, parantu ye prakiriya me kast bahut hota hai.

  25. I do believe that circumcision is more of a hygienic practice. It helps to stop HIV, STDs, and more importat cervical cancer aong women. I would recommend it to eveery mom having a male child.

  26. I think circumcision not make people Hindu or Muslim.Today i want to say to all people that they pramote this in hindu’s men and boyes.It is necessory today to prevent many sexual transmited disease as AIDS GONORRHIA SIPHILIS BREAST CANCER ect.it is simple sergery.Never affraid done it. i am hindu but circumcise.but it not mean i made a Muslim.from this penis make so cute .It also remove the your condom coating problem.which is caused by long prepus.

  27. The question is not values of circumcision, the question is Are hindus aware of it? I am a hindu, while I was a child I had a typical disorder called “Phimosis”, in which the foreskin was tightly attached to my penis. The result was I had fever every month. I was always sick. Upon inspection it was found that bacterial and fungul infections occur when I urinate causing fevers.

    As a child more than me my parents and panel of doctors wanted to save me than hink about religion or other invaluable things in their world. I was circumcised to be saved. Honestly after that I grew to be a healthy boy.

    As for sex, masturbation and erectile functions, I can assure I am as much sexually active as my friends.

    Now, so whats the fear? During riots, like it happened in mumbai, I can be shot. And everyone might think I am muslim. There lies the answer, we hate muslims and they hate us.

    Facts show that circumcised penis not only decreases sexual transmitted disease risks but also acts as a pain comforter while having sex, i never had any pains while having sex. The reason is while intercourse sometimes the foreskin turns over which doesn’t happen if circumsised.

    Also female counterparts are less in agony due to less friction.

    Also a question arises here, is India scientifically backward? I love my India and am sure it’s much more developed than it was in past. We dont talk about circumcision because it’s a ritual common in muslims. But if it’s based on medical surgery, we should not have a problem. As long as we don’t enlighten ourselves without fearing our religious leaders … anyway we are brain dead, what’s the use?

    Think about it, today i can die being shot at by some religious slave (chance is rare though, unless communal riot occurs) after he opens my pant (again a rare chance) who thinks I am a muslim. But again if I was not circumsised, I would have already been dead by the age of 13-14 with bacterial infections and sexually transmitted diseases.

    Thank heavens, I am healthy and I am still living.

    1. Akash it’s the same case with me. No one in my family is cut. I try to hide my penis while peeing in public good to know that i have a cut hindu friend(you). Plz reply soon

      1. Hi Amit. I’m also hindu and circumcised, nobody in my family knows except parents and brother (he is not circumcised). I had same condition of tight foreskin, and when i pulled it back it always bleed around top and bottom, (didnt pull back hard) but could be contributed to my birth. My parents told me the doctor accidentally cut my penis when cutting the cord. I was born in India.

        Anyways I was circumcised in America where I live so I don’t feel that bad. But I always wonder what Hindu women may think about my story?

  28. mughe aapni ek kidney bechna hai . jo aachha paisa de sake jaldi email kare mughe paiso ki sakht jarurt hai. mukesh mo-9540587746

  29. i think khatna male ko to karani chahiye par female ko bhi karani chahiye isse uski vagina kasha aur bhara bhara sa dikhta hai. aur ye jaruri honi chahiye. kyonki bina khatna ke vagina latki aur ghin sa dikhta hai. maie apni aur apni girfriend ko khudse khatna kar di. ab use bhi achchha lagta hai aur mujhe bhi. aur sex mein bhi bahoot maza aata hai

    so femal ko bhi khatna karni chahiye.

    1. To Vinod,
      You must be crazy to think that females should get circumcised as, just because you like the way the vagina looks after the process, that doesn’t mean that you should have told your girlfriend to get circumcised. The vagina is made that way for certain reasons, and if you think that ur girlfriends vagina is loose and hanging, buy her some kind of vaginal cream. I hope you know what complications can be faced for a women if she is circumcised. Just for your pleasure and enjoyment you cannot ask anyone to be circumcised.

      1. Nandini i support u. I am too vehemently against female circumcision. But i am a circumcised hindu male. Do u like a circumcised penis? Do u think a hindu girl will like me?

  30. if it is so necessary then y dont u practise it on both gender its lyk trimming the ears of ur child so he cant wear spectacles it means if a person dont have ears dn he cant wear spects so his eyesight is perfect. It sud b considered as genetial mutilation. if circumscion in gals is considered as mutilation dn y not in boys .it is most disgusting practise ever. it is the reason y men needs viagra in usa cause these deformed mens cant manage a erection themselves due numbness of their glans. If u r doin a circumcision to a male then also ripp off a girl clit and labia cause it will drop her sexual desire and she will never cheat thus aids rate will also decrease and circision trends are decreasin in usa their r a lot complications wid it. Pls dont deform ur child. ab bakchodo hindi me ata hu ye btao agar kat do lund ko bachega kya waise bhi india me hygeine rate low hm angrenjo ki tarah garm pani ke bath tub nange let ke lund nhi dho sakte hain. Foreskin amare lund ko guard krti hai dirt and bacterial infection se nami bana ke rkhti hai warna lund sookh gya to ghanto chuswaoge to bhi khada nhi hoga dats y oral is popular i america . arey bakchodo tm ye sab sirf islie krna chahte ho kyo ki usa me krte hai arey usa me shit sex popular hai to kya sex ke nam pe goo bhi khaoge. Ar maderchodo kisi lund kat ke jindgi kyo barbad kr rhe ho.ar jo ldkia kahti hai kata lund khoobsurat hota hai to jake apni choot ke all external organ hatwa lo badi chikni aur saaf lgegi .usa me gaand merna islie popular ke sale lund pe feel kr nhi pate choot ki tightnees ko islie gand me dale hain extra tightness ke lie india na hi aise facility hain safely kia ja sake ye sb ar agar galti ho gyi to kisi ke bap victim ko apna lund udhar nhi denge ar ye natural hi rhne do. kal ko ldkia apne woobs remove krwa le nhi to ldke attract honge unsafe sex hoga aids rate high ho jayenge. Betichodo free me nirodh milta hai, nhi to aukat ho luxury condome le lo lund katne ki kya jarrorat hai hiv se bachne ke lie?

    I m feeling proud dat i have n intact one not a deformed and mutilated.

  31. There is NO formal evidence that circumcision prevent HIV or other STDs. 75% of the HIV positive men in the US were circumcised as this is a routine practice in big parts of USA. Someone will contract HIV regardless if they are mutilated at birth or not intact if they don’t show cautiousness. The only way to securely avoid HIV is to wear contraception and also test before entering a relationship with someone new. If we stay faithful to our loved one, get tested and engaging in safe sex. Mutilating our children will NOT prevent diseases.

    This is propaganda from the medicine industry to justify their barbaric approach towards infants and children. If someone by the age of 18 decide to do this by own free will or it is medically necessary (such as phimosis treatment, skin infection etc) then its a whole different story. Don’t fix something that’s not broken.

    Let humankind be born the way they are born by the grace of god. Just because Abraham was 99 years old and had a “call from god” to circumcise himself, his sons and every other male i think it’s time to think about the CONS if circumcision as well. In islam it’s more a cultural thing over a religious thing.

  32. india me circumcision turant chalu karna chahiye .aur aids ke prati iske faede se avagat karay jana chahiye.hum samagh dar hai.mai samaghta hun har hindu circumcise hona chahata hai.mai hindu hun aur aids se aur std disease se bachav ke liye maine circumcision karvaya. aur aage iseke badhane ki hardam kosis karunga

  33. Crcumcision has not only advantages but a lot of disadvantages also.Mutilation of a very sensitive and useful body part causes the loss of a large number of nerves and blood vesseles.Erectile dysfnction of the penis is more among circumcised as seen in literatures and uncircumcised people enjoy sex better.That is why in UK and USA infant circumcision rates are rapidly declining.The Govt of Canada and Germany are thinking about banning unnecessary circumcision..
    I was circumcised for medical reasons but dont find anything great out of it.

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